基于Python制作三款起床闹钟的示例代码
导语
叮叮叮，我们要按时长大
我是你们的木子同学！当当当当——隆重出场，撒花撒花~
嗨！大家有没有生物钟不准时的时候，是不是每到休息日或者长假就会经常要倒时差？
每天上班最痛苦的事情就是早起早起早起！这是大部分上班族的痛苦，但是不上班又是不可能的啦，因为都是为了搞钱
今天小编就用代码示例化，给大家展示一下不同的时钟，希望大家按时上班，按时搞钱啦
一、Turtle绘制时钟
1）代码展示
import turtle
from datetime import *
# 抬起画笔，向前运动一段距离放下
def Skip(step):
turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(step)
turtle.pendown()
def mkHand(name, length):
# 注册Turtle形状，建立表针Turtle
turtle.reset()
Skip(-length * 0.1)
# 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。
turtle.begin_poly()
turtle.forward(length * 1.1)
# 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。
turtle.end_poly()
# 返回最后记录的多边形。
handForm = turtle.get_poly()
turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)
def Init():
global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer
# 重置Turtle指向北
turtle.mode("logo")
# 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化
mkHand("secHand", 135)
mkHand("minHand", 125)
mkHand("hurHand", 90)
secHand = turtle.Turtle()
secHand.shape("secHand")
minHand = turtle.Turtle()
minHand.shape("minHand")
hurHand = turtle.Turtle()
hurHand.shape("hurHand")
for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
hand.speed(0)
# 建立输出文字Turtle
printer = turtle.Turtle()
# 隐藏画笔的turtle形状
printer.hideturtle()
printer.penup()
def SetupClock(radius):
# 建立表的外框
turtle.reset()
turtle.pensize(7)
for i in range(60):
Skip(radius)
if i % 5 == 0:
turtle.forward(20)
Skip(-radius - 20)
Skip(radius + 20)
if i == 0:
turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
elif i == 30:
Skip(25)
turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
Skip(-25)
elif (i == 25 or i == 35):
Skip(20)
turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
Skip(-20)
else:
turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
Skip(-radius - 20)
else:
turtle.dot(5)
Skip(-radius)
turtle.right(6)
def Week(t):
week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",
"星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
return week[t.weekday()]
def Date(t):
y = t.year
m = t.month
d = t.da
return "%s %d%d" % (y, m, d)
def Tick():
# 绘制表针的动态显示
t = datetime.today()
second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
minute = t.minute + second / 60.0
hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0
secHand.setheading(6 * second)
minHand.setheading(6 * minute)
hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)
turtle.tracer(False)
printer.forward(65)
printer.write(Week(t), align="center",
font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
printer.back(130)
printer.write(Date(t), align="center",
font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
printer.hom()
turtle.tracer(True)
# 100ms后继续调用tick
turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)
def main():
# 打开/关闭龟动画，并为更新图纸设置延迟。
turtle.tracer(False)
Init()
SetupClock(160)
turtle.tracer(True)
Tick()
turtle.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()2）效果展示
二、Turtle实现模拟时钟
1）代码展示
基本思路：自定义shape，画出时针、分针、秒针。通过register_shape()函数。 指针的位置通过shape类setheading()函数进行设置。 获取系统时间作为当前时间，datetime.today()。 利用ontimer()函数定义定时器事件，触发屏幕更新。 利用write()函数在屏幕上显示文本。
from turtle import *
from datetime import datetime
mode("logo") # 向上（北），正角度为顺时针
thisday = 0
thisecond = 0
second_hand = Turtle()
minute_hand = Turtle()
hour_hand = Turtle()
writer = Turtle()
writer.getscreen().bgcolor('gray90')
writer.color("gray20", "gray20")
def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
penup()
right(winkel)
forward(distanz)
left(winkel)
pendown()
'''
laenge 指针长度
width 指针宽度
spitze 箭头边长
'''
def hand(laenge, spitze, width):
lt(90)
fd(width)
rt(90)
fd(laenge*1.15)
rt(90)
fd(width * 2)
rt(90)
fd(laenge*1.15)
rt(90)
fd(width)
rt(90)
fd(laenge*1.15)
rt(90)
fd(spitze/2.0)
lt(120)
fd(spitze)
lt(120)
fd(spitze)
lt(120)
fd(spitze/2.0)
def make_hand_shape(name, laenge, spitze, width):
reset()
jump(-laenge*0.15) # 指针靠近表盘中心的末端，但不与圆心重合
begin_poly()
hand(laenge, spitze, width)
end_poly()
hand_form = get_poly()
register_shape(name, hand_form)
def clockface(radius):
reset()
# 外圆周
pensize(2)
colors = ['green3', 'green2', 'gray98']
# 从外向内fill
for i in range(3):
jump(radius+7+(2-i)*4,90)
fillcolor(colors[i])
begin_fill()
circle(radius+7+(2-i)*4, steps=1000)
end_fill()
jump(-radius-7-(2-i)*4,90)
# 刻度
pensize(7)
color("gray60", "gray60")
# 经验值
params = [-35, -40, -40, -25, -15, -5, 0, -5, -15, -25, -40, -40] #距离
angles = [0, -15, -25, -40, -35, -30, 0, 30, 35, 40, 25, 15] # 角度
for i in range(60):
jump(radius)
if i % 5 == 0:
fd(-15)
# 下面三行写表盘数字
jump(params[i/5], angles[i/5])
write(12 if i/5==0 else i/5, align="center", font=("Courier", 20, "bold"))
jump(params[i/5], 180+angles[i/5])
jump(-radius+15)
else:
dot(3)
jump(-radius)
rt(6)
def setup():
global second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand, writer
# 自定义形状
make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 90, 25, 5)
make_hand_shape("minute_hand", 130, 25, 3)
make_hand_shape("second_hand", 140, 10, 1)
# 画表盘
clockface(160)
hour_hand.shape("hour_hand")
hour_hand.color("gray30", "gray12")
minute_hand.shape("minute_hand")
minute_hand.color("gray40", "blue")
second_hand.shape("second_hand")
second_hand.color("red4", "red4")
for hand in hour_hand, minute_hand, second_hand:
hand.resizemode("user")
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 1)
hand.speed(1)
ht()
writer.ht()
writer.pu()
writer.bk(85)
def wochentag():
wochentag = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三","星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
return wochentag[t.weekday()]
def get_mmdd(z):
m = z.month
t = z.day
return "%d月%d日" % (m, t)
def get_yyyy(z):
j = z.year
return "%d" % (j)
def write_date(t):
global thisday
x = t.day
if thisday != x:
thisday = x
writer.clear()
writer.home()
writer.forward(65)
writer.write(wochentag(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 16, "bold"))
writer.back(150)
writer.write(get_mmdd(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 16, "normal"))
writer.back(15)
writer.write(get_yyyy(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 10, "normal"))
writer.forward(100)
def tick():
global thisecond
t = datetime.today()
if thisecond != t.second:
thisecond = t.second
#print t
sekunde = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
minute = t.minute + sekunde / 60.0
stunde = t.hour + minute / 60.0
tracer(False)
write_date(t)
tracer(True)
hour_hand.setheading(30 * stunde)
minute_hand.setheading(6 * minute)
second_hand.setheading(6 * sekunde)
ontimer(tick, 10)
def main():
tracer(False)
setup()
tracer(True)
tick()
return "EVENTLOOP"
if __name__ == "__main__":
msg = main()
print msg
mainloop()2）效果展示
三、简易时钟
1）代码展示
# coding=utf-8
import turtle
from datetime import *
# 由于表盘刻度不连续，需频繁抬起画笔，放下画笔
def skip(step):
turtle.penup() # 画笔抬起
turtle.forward(step) # 画笔移动step
turtle.pendown() # 画笔落下
# 建立表针，定制表针形状和名字
def make_hand(name, length):
turtle.reset()
skip(-length * 0.1) # 表针一端，过表盘中心一小段，开始绘制
turtle.begin_poly() # 开始记录多边形的第一个顶点。
turtle.forward(length * 1.1) # 设置表针长度，绘制表针
turtle.end_poly() # 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。
handForm = turtle.get_poly() # 返回最后记录的形状
turtle.color('black')
turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)
# 三个表针初始化，实例化
def init_hand():
global sec_hand, min_hand, hou_hand, printer
# 重置Turtle指向北
turtle.mode("logo") # logo:向上（北） 顺时针 standard:向右（东） 逆时针
# 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化
make_hand("sec_Hand", 135)
make_hand("min_Hand", 110)
make_hand("hou_Hand", 70)
sec_hand = turtle.Turtle()
sec_hand.shape("sec_Hand")
min_hand = turtle.Turtle()
min_hand.shape("min_Hand")
hou_hand = turtle.Turtle()
hou_hand.shape("hou_Hand")
# 笔的属性
for hand in sec_hand, min_hand, hou_hand:
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
hand.speed(0)
# 建立输出打印的文字Turtle
printer = turtle.Turtle()
# 隐藏画笔的turtle形状
printer.hideturtle()
printer.penup()
# 设置表盘
def set_clock(radius):
turtle.reset()
turtle.pencolor('red') # 设置画笔颜色
turtle.fillcolor('pink') # 设置绘制图形的填充颜色
turtle.pensize(10) # 画笔宽度
for i in range(60):
skip(radius)
# 逢五 使用线条并加粗
if i % 5 == 0:
turtle.forward(20)
skip(-radius - 20)
skip(radius + 20)
# 设置数字的位置及字体，大小
if i == 0:
turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
elif i == 30:
skip(25)
turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
skip(-25)
elif i == 25 or i == 35:
skip(20)
turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
skip(-20)
else:
turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
skip(-radius - 20)
# 非五，以点代替
else:
turtle.dot(5)
skip(-radius)
turtle.right(6)
# 显示星期
def show_week(t):
week = ["星期一 Mon", "星期二 Tue", "星期三 Wed", "星期四 Thu", "星期五 Fri", "星期六 Sat", "星期日 Sun"]
return week[t.weekday()] # t.weekday() 周一为0，周二为1...可作为列表的index
# 显示日期
def show_data(t):
y = t.year
m = t.month
d = t.day
return "{} 年 {} 月 {} 日".format(y, m, d)
# 显示时间
# def show_time(t):
# m = t.minute
# h = t.hour
# return "{}:{}".format(h, m)
# 显示整个时钟
def show_clock():
# 获取时间
t = datetime.today()
second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
minute = t.minute + second / 60.0
hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0
sec_hand.setheading(6 * second)
min_hand.setheading(6 * minute)
hou_hand.setheading(30 * hour)
turtle.tracer(False)
printer.forward(65)
printer.write(show_week(t), align='center', font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
printer.back(65)
printer.write("The Clock of Hua", align="center", font=("Courier", 16, "bold"))
printer.back(65)
printer.write(show_data(t), align='center', font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
# printer.back(25)
# printer.write(show_time(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
# 回到原点，以便于下一轮的显示
printer.home()
turtle.tracer(True)
# 100ms后继续调用show_clock
turtle.ontimer(show_clock, 100)
# main函数
def main():
turtle.tracer(False)
# 设置背景
ts = turtle.getscreen()
ts.bgcolor("#cccccc")
# 初始化
init_hand()
# 设置时钟
set_clock(180)
turtle.tracer(True)
# 显示时钟
show_clock()
turtle.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()2）效果展示
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