canvas自定义头像功能实现代码示例分析
写在最前：
前两天老大跟我说老虎官网上那个自定义头像的功能是flash实现的，没有安装过的还得手动去“允许”falsh的运行。所以让我用canvas实现一个一样的功能，嘿嘿，刚好最近也在研究canvas，所以欣然答应（其实，你没研究过难道就不答应么，哈哈哈哈哈~）
成果展示：
Git地址:https://github.com/ry928330/portraitDIY
功能说明：
- 拖拽左侧小方框，或者是鼠标放在小方框右下角，点击拉伸方框，方框覆盖部分的图片被自动截取下来，然后再在右侧的多个容器里面重绘。
- 输入宽高，自定义你需要订制的头像大小，目前只支持宽高相同的头像图片。
实现细节：
因为你要对图片所在的区域进行截图，所以你得制作一张canvas，盖在图片所在的区域。这里，我们给出了一个函数，根据传入的DOM里面元素的类名创建相同位置的canvas，盖在原来的DOM元素上面：
function createCanvasByClassName(tag) {
var canvasInitialWidth = $('.' + tag).width();
var canvasInitialHeight = $('.' + tag).height();
var left = $('.' + tag).offset().left - $('.' + tag).parent('.portraitContainer').offset().left + 1;
var top = $('.' + tag).offset().top - $('.' + tag).parent('.portraitContainer').offset().top + 1;
//var left = $('.' + tag).offset().left + 1;
//var top = $('.' + tag).offset().top + 1;
clearCanvasObj.left = $('.' + tag).offset().left + 1;
clearCanvasObj.top = $('.' + tag).offset().top + 1;
// clearCanvasObj.left = left;
// clearCanvasObj.top = top;
var canvasElement = $('<canvas></canvas>');
var randomNum = Math.floor(getRandom(0, 10000));
clearCanvasObj.canvasId = randomNum;
canvasElement.attr({
id: 'canvas',
width: canvasInitialWidth,
height: canvasInitialHeight
});
canvasElement.css({
position: 'absolute',
top: top,
left: left
});
//$('body').append(canvasElement);
var appendEle = $('.portraitContainer').append(canvasElement);
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
//ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(211,211,216,0.5)";
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvasInitialWidth, canvasInitialHeight);
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0, 0.4)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasInitialWidth, canvasInitialHeight);
return canvas;
}
有了这张canvas你就可以在你图片所在区域肆意的操作了。首先，降整个区域画上一个浅黑色的阴影，然后再擦除初始小方框区域里面的颜色。然后给整个页面添加mousedown，mousemove，mouseup事件，他们所做的功能就跟你在页面中实现一个拖拽的功能类似，这里重点说下mousemove里面做的操作，代码如下：
function mousemoveFunc(event) {
/* Act on the event */
var nowMouseX = event.clientX - clearCanvasObj.left;
var nowMouseY = event.clientY - clearCanvasObj.top;
if (nowMouseX >= clearCanvasObj.xStart && nowMouseX <= clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width && nowMouseY >= clearCanvasObj.yStart && nowMouseY <= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height) {
clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = true;
//clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner = false;
imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'move';
} else if ((nowMouseX >= clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width - 10) && (nowMouseX <= clearCanvasObj.xStart+ clearCanvasObj.width + 10)
&& (nowMouseY >= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height - 10) && (nowMouseY <= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height + 10)) {
clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = true;
//clearCanvasObj.beginDraw = false;
imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'se-resize';
}
else {
clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = false;
//clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner = false;
imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'default';
}
var outerDomWidth = $(".imgContainer").width();
var outerDomHeight = $(".imgContainer").height();
var xDistance = event.clientX - clearCanvasObj.mouseX;
var yDistance = event.clientY - clearCanvasObj.mouseY;
//var outerCTX = canvas.getContext('2d');
//移动小方框
if (clearCanvasObj.beginDraw && clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea && !clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner) {
ry_CTX.fillStyle = clearCanvasObj.color;
// console.log('1', clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart)
ry_CTX.fillRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
//outerCTX.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
clearCanvasObj.xStart += xDistance;
clearCanvasObj.yStart += yDistance;
//判断方框是否达到边界
if (clearCanvasObj.xStart <= 0) {
clearCanvasObj.xStart = 0;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.yStart <= 0) {
clearCanvasObj.yStart = 0;
}
if ((clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width) >= outerDomWidth) {
clearCanvasObj.xStart = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.width;
}
if ((clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height) >= outerDomHeight) {
clearCanvasObj.yStart = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.height;
}
// console.log('2', clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart)
ry_CTX.clearRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
produceSmallPic(clearCanvasObj.xStart+clearCanvasObj.left, clearCanvasObj.yStart+clearCanvasObj.top, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height, imageURL)
clearCanvasObj.mouseX = event.clientX;
clearCanvasObj.mouseY = event.clientY;
}
//拖拽小方框
if (clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner) {
ry_CTX.fillStyle = clearCanvasObj.color;
ry_CTX.fillRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
var realDistance = Math.min(xDistance, yDistance)
clearCanvasObj.width += realDistance;
clearCanvasObj.height += realDistance;
//拖动时边界条件的判断
if (clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width >= outerDomWidth) {
clearCanvasObj.width = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.xStart;
clearCanvasObj.height = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.xStart;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height >= outerDomHeight) {
clearCanvasObj.width = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.yStart;
clearCanvasObj.height = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.yStart;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.width <= 10) {
clearCanvasObj.width = 10;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.height <= 10) {
clearCanvasObj.height = 10;
}
ry_CTX.clearRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
produceSmallPic(clearCanvasObj.xStart+clearCanvasObj.left, clearCanvasObj.yStart+clearCanvasObj.top, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height, imageURL);
clearCanvasObj.mouseX = event.clientX;
clearCanvasObj.mouseY = event.clientY;
}
}
函数里面，你需要注意拖拽的边界条件，一个是方框不能拖到图片所在DOM外的边界；另外一个就是当你鼠标放在小方框所在的区域改变鼠标的样式。方框在拖动的过程中，我们不断重绘方框移动的区域（也就是不断的画上阴影），然后在新的位置调用clearRect函数，重新擦出一个小方框出来。在拖拽或是拉伸的过程中，我们会不断调用produceSmallPic函数，在右边的容器（每个容器都是一个canvas）里面不断根据容器大小重绘出所需的头像。代码如下：
function produceSmallPic(imageURL,left, top, width, height) {
var img = new Image();
img.src = imageURL;
var targetCtx = new Array();
var targetCanvas = null;
img.onload = function() {
portraitGroupsArr.forEach(function(item, index) {
targetCanvas = document.getElementById(item.class);
targetCtx.push(targetCanvas.getContext('2d'));
targetCtx[index].clearRect(0,0, item.width, item.height);
targetCtx[index].drawImage(img, left - clearCanvasObj.left, top - clearCanvasObj.top, width, height, 0, 0 , item.width, item.height);
})
}
}
我们说下这个函数的作用，这里我们要注意一个参数imageURL，这个URL是由图片所在的DOM转化来的。因为你要把DOM所在的区域变成一张图片，这样你才能在利用drawImage函数截取你所需要的区域。所以我们先利用html2canvas库函数讲图片所在的DOM转化为canvas，这张canvas的内容是包含你所要截取的图片的，然后把这张canvas转化为图片取得图片地址imageURL，代码如下：
html2canvas(document.getElementById('imgContainer'), {
onrendered: function(canvas) {
var imageURL = canvasTransToImage(canavs);
...
}
})
function canvasTransToImage(canvas) {
var imageURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
return imageURL;
}
接着，你就可以便利右侧的canvas容器，讲图片重回到里面了，整个过程就这样结束，回头看来是不是很简单。
相关依赖：
复制代码 代码如下:
<script src="<a href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/html2canvas/0.5.0-beta4/html2canvas.min.js"></script">https://cdn.bootcss.com/html2canvas/0.5.0-beta4/html2canvas.min.js"></script</a>>
写在最后：
canvas的操作，要多多注意那些边界条件，什么时候该重绘什么时候该清除，这些是比较重要的。逻辑清晰了，canvas本身的API也就那么几个，操作起来也就没那么麻烦了，最后，谢谢大家查阅，写的不是很清楚，有不懂的可以一起讨论~
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持路饭。
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